PulseSensor PPG Research Knowledge Base v1.1

PulseSensor Research · canonical home: /research

Learn the signal. Build trustworthy evidence.

A practical front door to photoplethysmography science, devices, patents, products, reproducible experiments, and open questions. Choose one path; the original source collections stay intact.

You are at the knowledge-base home.Preserved source Pages may still label the earlier Read / See / Try collection “Research home.” Use /research to return here.

Three quick starts

Start with the collection that fits.

These shortcuts open existing published collections. They are not new lanes and do not imply content beyond those sources.

New to PPG

Use the compact Read / See / Try collection to choose science, observed use, or a first experiment.

Open Read / See / Try →Preserved source collection · canonical home: /research

Build / teach

Choose a bounded question, plan a fair test, and use the safety and reporting guidance.

Open Roadmap Projects →Replication/build collection · canonical home: /research

Clinical / chips / IP

Compare wearable, Maxim/ADI, and clinical sensor landscapes with dated patent-status caveats.

Open the PPG IP Atlas →Landscape, not clinical validation · canonical home: /research

Four primary paths

Choose the job you need to do.

Each path leads to a clearly labeled group of preserved sources. The four cards remain visible without JavaScript.

Learn the science

Understand what a PPG waveform can support, how a study was validated, and where evidence remains limited. The current science collection is deepest in foundations and respiratory modulation.

Open science-evidence sources →

Explore devices & implementations

Follow the instrument from tissue site and optical geometry through chips, contact, sampling, algorithms, packaging, and documented products.

Open product and device context →

Understand invention & IP

Read technical disclosures, family/status screens, product connections, and uncertainty without treating patents as scientific validation or legal clearance.

Open invention/IP sources →

Build & validate

Define a safe question, record raw data and references, predefine comparisons, preserve failures, and make the work reproducible.

Open replication/build sources →

Source collections by role

Know what kind of record you are opening.

The front door indexes these Pages; it does not copy or rewrite their contents. Destination names and evidence roles stay visible while supporting detail can be opened independently.

Science evidence

Studies, methods & limitations

Dr. Doyle's Annotated Bibliography →47 papers; strongest in PPG foundations and respiration

When should I use this collection?

Use it for reviews, physiology, algorithms, motion, signal quality, and validation context. A paper citation supports only the study it reports; check population, site, reference, protocol, exclusions, and replication.

Context: scientific evidence · return to knowledge-base home

Product context

What was built or used

PulseSensor in Published Research →Verified uses, signal chain, tools, limits

Current PulseSensor kit →Shipping product documentation

What does product context prove?

A product document, source-code record, or publication can show what was built, sold, or used. It does not by itself establish scientific validity, clinical performance, or patent coverage.

Context: product/implementation record · return to knowledge-base home

Invention / IP landscape

Disclosures, families & status screens

Optical PPG IP Atlas →Wearables, chips, clinical sensors

Innovation Graph →Paper-to-roadmap worked example

What does “status screen” mean?

A status screen is a dated research check, not a legal opinion. Family, jurisdiction, continuations, restoration, maintenance, claim scope, and other rights must be refreshed for a business decision.

Context: technical/legal landscape · return to knowledge-base home

Replication / build

Experiments, methods & roadmap

Roadmap Projects →Starter protocols and advanced questions

Read / See / Try →Compact original three-lane collection

What makes a build reproducible?

Record hardware, code, placement, contact, ambient conditions, motion, sampling, preprocessing, reference, exclusions, and failures. Predefine the comparison and state what result would change the conclusion.

Context: experiment/roadmap material · return to knowledge-base home

Visible boundaries

Keep science, safety, and rights separate.

These limits remain visible by default and apply throughout the knowledge base.

Clinical / medical boundary

This site is for research and education. It does not provide diagnosis, treatment, medical-device performance claims, or a substitute for validated clinical instruments and appropriate studies.

Patent / legal boundary

Patent records are disclosures, not validation. Status labels are dated screens, not legal advice or FTO. Educational or noncommercial use does not automatically clear active patent rights.

Build / safety boundary

Use gentle, low-risk protocols. Stop if anything feels uncomfortable. Ask the teacher, sponsor, or institution before human-participant work, and do not publish identifiable health data.

Six shared browse tracks

Open extra topics only when useful.

Track names are a navigation vocabulary over curated links, not database facets or complete tags.

MeasurementWaveform, timing, respiration, oxygenation, quality

Waveform & pulse Respiration Timing Signal quality

Device / placementSite, geometry, reflectance, transmittance

Wrist & ring Finger, toe & foot Contact & site

TechnologyOptics, AFE, mechanics, algorithms, power, packaging

AFE & chips Motion & algorithms Power & sampling Packaging & cables

Evidence stateReview, validation, replication, limitation, question

Foundational reviews Observed use Replication seed Open questions

Build stateLearn, reproduce, prototype, benchmark, roadmap

Start the kit See raw data Experiment workflow Benchmark roadmap

IP stateActive, pending, expired, lapsed, abandoned, uncertain

Active / pending screens Buildable-history candidates Adjudicated context Refresh method

Preserved evidence model

Name what each source can support.

All six evidence types stay visible as summaries. Open definitions independently; none of them controls or hides another.

Scientific evidenceStudy, review, dataset, or method

A source with a stated design, population or sample, reference, protocol, result, and limitations. Check replication and match to your conditions.

Reproduced resultIndependent or documented repeat

Comparable protocol, data, metrics, and failure reporting. Reproduction strengthens a specific result, not every downstream claim.

Product / implementationWhat was built, sold, or used

Supported by a product document, source-code record, or publication. Existence is not the same as scientific or clinical validation.

Patent disclosureWhat a public record teaches or claims

A technical/legal record in a family and jurisdiction. Disclosure is not validation, permission, product proof, or a current status conclusion.

InferenceA labeled technical connection

Supported by technical similarity or adjacent records but not directly established by a primary source. Use it to form a question, not state a fact.

Open question / roadmapA proposal with a decision gate

An unresolved limitation or future experiment. State what evidence would move the current conclusion.

Practical platform, wider ecosystem

PulseSensor is a documented place to start.

The current PulseSensor is a raw, single-channel, green-light reflectance PPG input with open-source software. It can support careful work on waveform shape, pulse timing, placement, contact, sampling, signal quality, motion, and physiological modulation.

It does not measure SpO₂ or blood pressure and is not medical equipment. Use it beside the wider wearable, chip, and clinical landscape—not as a substitute for those instruments or their validation.

Current kit → · Verified research record → · KB home

LearnSee a raw optical pulse waveform and what processing changes.

BuildDocument hardware, software, placement, sampling, reference, and failures.

CompareKeep educational, consumer-wearable, and clinical claims distinct.

ExtendMove from an accessible experiment into science, landscape, and roadmap sources.

Advanced worked path: respiratory information in PPG, from paper to roadmap

This preserved pilot is a connected example, not a claim that one source proves the next.

1 · Paper

Stevens et al. (2024) tested off-the-shelf PulseSensors in 15 healthy adults, with useful but limited results.

Read the paper →

2 · Patent

Public records describe multiple technical paths with unequal status and uncertain claim scope.

Patent overlay →

3 · Product

PulseSensor supplies a documented raw PPG input; it is not a respiratory or medical instrument.

Implementation record →

4 · Replication

Predefine windows, rejection rules, metrics, safe conditions, and a synchronized reference.

Experiment →

5 · Roadmap

Publish synchronized signals, code, quality labels, participant splits, and failure cases.

Decision gates →

Context: advanced connected example · return to knowledge-base home

Maintenance boundary

Source first. Date mutable facts. Keep uncertainty visible.

Search, facets, chat, and cross-page filters are intentionally absent until a maintained record schema and refresh owner exist.

Science checks

Record design, population, site, reference, protocol, results, limitations, and replication state.

Patent checks

Record publication/family identifiers, jurisdiction, source, status date, and uncertainty. Refresh before a business decision.

Build checks

Preserve raw data, code, hardware, placement, conditions, sampling, preprocessing, reference, exclusions, and failures.